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	<title>History of Western Landscapes</title>
	<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl</link>
	<description>W.I.S.E. Colloquium: History of Western Landscapes</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2008 00:02:52 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<language>en</language>
	
	<item>
		<title>Are Lightning Fires Unnatural? A Comparison of Aboriginal and Lightning Ignition Rates in the United States</title>
		<description>Kay, Charles E. Are Lightning Fires Unnatural? A Comparison of Aboriginal and Lightning Ignition Rates in the United States. 2007. in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems, pp 16-28. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.

Full ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/02/26/are-lightning-fires-unnatural-a-comparison-of-aboriginal-and-lightning-ignition-rates-in-the-united-states/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>In Retrospect: Henry T. Lewis</title>
		<description>If Omer Stewart was the Father of Anthropogenic Fire Theory, then Henry Trickey Lewis Jr. (1928-2004) was the First-born Son, the standard-bearer, the torch-bearer for 30 years.

Anthropologist Henry T. Lewis was born October 2, 1928 in Riverside, CA. He served in the U.S. military (1947-1954) and as a U.S. National ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/02/25/in-retrospect-henry-t-lewis/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Before The Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians</title>
		<description>Blackburn, Thomas C. and Kat Anderson, eds. Before The Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians. 1993.  Malki Press - Ballena Press

Selected Excerpts:

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION: MANAGING THE DOMESTICATED ENVIRONMENT

By Thomas Blackburn and Kat Anderson
We did not think of the great open plains, the beautiful rolling hills and the winding streams with ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/02/24/before-the-wilderness-environmental-management-by-native-californians/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Clam Gardens</title>
		<description>Williams, Judith. Clam Gardens: Aboriginal Mariculture On Canada's West Coast. 2006. New Star Books LTD
Pre-Contact West Coast indigenous peoples are commonly categorized in anthropological literature as "hunter gatherers". However, new evidence suggests they cultivated bivalves in stone-walled foreshore structures called "clam gardens" which were only accessible at the lowest of ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/29/clam-gardens/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Vegetation of the Willamette Valley</title>
		<description>Johannessen, Carl L. , William A. Davenport, Artimus Millet, Steven McWilliams. The Vegetation of the Willamette Valley. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 61 (2), 286–302. 1971.

Full text [here]

Selected excerpts:

ABSTRACT: The vegetation of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, has been modified by man for centuries. Thc earliest white men described ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/10/the-vegetation-of-the-willamette-valley/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Long Tom and Chalker Sites</title>
		<description>O'Neill, Brian L. , Thomas J. Connolly, and Dorothy E. Freidel, with contributions by Patricia F. McDowell and Guy L. Prouty. A Holocene Geoarchaeological Record for the Upper Willamette Valley, Oregon: The Long Tom and Chalker Sites. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers 61, Published by the Museum of Natural History ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/10/the-long-tom-and-chalker-sites/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Standley Site</title>
		<description>Connolly, Thomas J.,  with contributions by Joanne M. Mack, Richard E. Hughes, Thomas M. Origer, and Guy L. Prouty. The Standley Site (35D0182): Investigations into the Prehistory of Camas Valley, Southwest Oregon. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 43. Published by the Department of Anthropology and Oregon State Museum of ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/10/the-standley-site/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Indians, Fire, and the Land in the Pacific Northwest</title>
		<description>Boyd, Robert, editor. Indians, Fire, and the Land in the Pacific Northwest. 1999. Oregon State University Press.

Selected excerpts:

Robert Boyd -- Introduction
In May and June of 1792, George Vancouver's British-sponsored, exploring expedition entered the uncharted waters of Puget Sound.1 Expecting a forested wilderness inhabited by unsophisticated natives, they were surprised at ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/07/indians-fire-and-the-land-in-the-pacific-northwest/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Native American Influences on the Development of Forest Ecosystems</title>
		<description>Thomas M. Bonnicksen, M. Kat Anderson, Henry T. Lewis, Charles E. Kay, and Ruthann Knudson. 1999. Native American influences on the development of forest ecosystems. In: Szaro, R. C.; Johnson, N. C.; Sexton, W. T.; Malk, A. J., eds. Ecological stewardship: A common reference for ecosystem management. Vol. 2. Oxford, ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2008/01/04/native-american-influences-on-the-development-of-forest-ecosystems/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>References on the American Indian Use of Fire in Ecosystems</title>
		<description>Williams, Gerald W. References on the American Indian Use of Fire in Ecosystems. 2003.

Compiled and introduction by Gerald W. Williams, Ph.D. Historical Analyst USDA Forest Service Washington, D.C. June 12, 2003, containing over 1,000 citations to books and papers about anthropogenic fire.

Full text [here]

Selected excerpts:

... Many people believe that North ...</description>
		<link>http://westinstenv.org/histwl/2007/12/29/references-on-the-american-indian-use-of-fire-in-ecosystems/</link>
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